Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Doctor  Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Doctor Faustus, indeed, is a tragic hero. His Black deeds lead him to disaster. Despite repentance, he is punished. His all escaping ways fail to save him from declination. We can say that Marlowe, by this play, wants to say that if we go against God, we will have to pay a great cost or we will be punished.

In case of Doctor Faustus, we can say that how a scholar was tempted. His excessive desires for knowledge invites calamity for him. Doctor Faustus is after all a human being and like a human being, he repents on his sin which destroys his whole life. His knowledge has made him blind. He signs the pact, at that time, it was way to achieve his goal or only the pact, but later on he realizes that what he did. His all powers become curse for him.

  Whenever he tries to repent, he was prevented from repenting by Lucifer and Mephastophilis. After signing the pact, he is dilemma that he has to fulfil his desires or to repent and seek mercy of god for his guilt.

   In scene – 13, he has awaked with the reality that what will happen with him in coming future? We feel pity and fear for Doctor Faustus. We sympathize on seeing his worst condition. Doctor Faustus cries out and repents on his crime. He feels that he is passing his last night on the earth alone. He is full of frightened and regretful. He blames on his parents. He remorse that why was I born ever with soul? He said that his tragic end is pre-destined because his ego doesn’t want to leave him.

    Marlowe has showed Doctor Faustus as the man of the Renaissance time against the Medieval time. Marlowe has also showed that in the Renaissance time, “Human being” is at the center but in the Medieval time “God” is at the center and this trend is altered in the Renaissance time. Doctor Faustus is presented as an example that shows the Renaissance concept. But here, we knew the desires of Doctor Faustus which are so grand. He can do anything for satisfying his desires. But Doctor Faustus chose evil path for getting his goal and it propelled him towards his doom.

Mourning Becomes Electra play

“Mourning Becomes Electra” 

     

Mourning Becomes Electra is a modern play, shows moderns of Mannon family. Mannon family is very rich and fashionable also. Mannon ladies have no privacy in their life , they can go away where they want.

“Mourning Becomes Electra”  Mourning means :The expression of sorrow for someone’s death,Grief , lament , lamentation Black clothes worn as an expression of sorrow when someone dies.“Electra” means :Sparkling , the fairy sun“Becomes “ in the sense of “befits” Electra to mourn- it is her fate Mourning (Black) (sorrow) is becoming to her, it is the only color that becomes her destiny.

    

 Mourning Becomes Electra  based on the use of the Greek Myths as a narrative base, their New England scene, the intense psychological focus of the subject matter and also with their historical perspectives.It is considered O’Neill’s most famous work. 

    As a ambitious play it is based on Greek tragic Myth Oresteia to 19th cen. New England. As a play cycle it ran for 150 performances before closing in March 1932. The story of this play is a kind of retelling of the Oresteia by Aeschylus is a trilogy. Here in Mourning Becomes Electra all characters ,most of parallel characters from the ancient Greek play.

Mourning Becomes Electra comes as a Modern Tragedy, the play features murder, adultery, incestuous love and revenge , weak relationship of family members. We can see different minds of people , their secrets, hubris, fate and honor. 

The characters of this play reflected as a unsuccessful strugglers of an individual to escape a tragic fate and the dark nature of human existence. It is considered with Freud’s circle of Human mind/nature-psychological theory as well. Specially there are complexes of the characters of Oedipus and Electra.Mourning Becomes Electra is divided into three plays with different themes.

Othello by William Shakespear

Othello

 

"Othello" written by William shakespear. He has Written on, or just after, the beginning of the 1600s (possibly 1603) Based on the Italian short story “Un Capitano Moro” (A Moorish Captain) First known performance, November 1, 1604 in Whitehall, London Written one year before King Lear and Macbeth Follows a theme of the downfall of great/powerful men.

Othello : Moor, North African Some debate about actual skin color

Desdemona: Venetian : Wife to Othello

Othello’s race

Referred to as a Moor Berber or Arab people of Northern Africa Prominent use of “black” however may suggest a darker skin color than the lighter color suggested by North African heritage He is also called “thicklips” at one point, reflecting English stereotypes of sub-Saharan Africans.

Important Themes

Dehumanization

Internalization

Dramatic Irony

The significance of names.

      

Dehumanization

Dehumanization, a central theme of the play, is the process by which a person, or group, is made to feel or act less than human through systematic mistreatment.

Denial of rights often involves dehumanization (think Nazi depictions of Jews as animals, slaveholder depictions of Africans as beasts)

Internalized Oppression

Over time, dehumanization and continued oppression leads to internalization, the process by which the victims begin taking on the traits forced on them by the oppressors.

Tughlaq by Girish Karnad

Tughlaq by  Girish Karnad

Introduction
 
Tughlaq is Girish Karnad  first successful experiment with historical novel.
First written in Kannada in 1964 & later translated into English Depicts the struggle and spectacular failure of a personality who dreams of becoming an ideal ruler and establishing a utopia A strong parallelism between the reign of Tughlaq and Nehru era in post-independent India.

Karnad presented Tughlaq with aesthetic & artistic depth ness. He presented perfect political atmosphere of contemporary India. In Tughlaq a historical may find many changes or loopholes. But Karnad Molded the character of sultan according to his theme, Karnad wanted to convince a message to us that an idealist ruler can nor remain idealist if he is ambitious of applying his own power every now & then.his purpose is to show that in true history faces change but forces don't.Karnad's own Tughlaq should be studied to find parallelism between the realities of the 14th century India ruled by a prime minister & his colleagues in the cabinet.Karnad's own statement which is quoted by UR Ananthamurty by in this Introduction to Tughlaq should not be talent with a pincle of salt.



Themes of Novel 

Ethics
Not a worthy ruler.Not able to provide enough food for the people in the kingdom
Introduced copper coins which had same value as silver coins Shifted capital from Delhi to Daulatabad
Unethical behavior
Tricking Sheikh Imam- ud -Din during the public meeting
Murder of Sheikh Imam- ud -Din Tughlaq killed his brother and father to win the throne Aziz and Azam didn't help a woman whose child was ill.
Equality in Justice
Giving land back to the Brahmin
Stoning of his Step Mother
Releasing Ain-ul-Mulk
Releasing Aziz
Theory of EgoismDefinition: An action is morally right if the decision-maker freely decides in order to pursue either their (short-term) desires or their (long-term) interests
Supporting example: He forgave Aziz and let him free thinking he was the only person who understood him. Aziz should have been given some punishment due to his poor deeds.

Harry Potter novel Feminist Perspective

Feminist Reading of Hermione  and other character in Harry Potter










Harry Potter" novel represent the feminist reading of character Hermione and other female.Harry Potter novels and the plot behind the books. Focusing on Hermione Granger , and using the lens of feminist criticism construction of gender in Harry Potter. Leading Women While Harry is subjected to some gender stereotypes,  shows that his masculinity is questioned throughout the book series. Harry’s role is pivotal but not without help from his female counterparts. For example, in the last book in the series, 10 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, women play a significant role in the climactic final battle. 

The Harry Potter series is the story of two souls: the pure soul of Harry, and the distorted, dehumanized soul of his nemesis, Voldemort. Comparing and contrasting these two characters is well-covered ground, so I focus in this article on two other aspects of the moral imagination: (1) the way fairy tales convey truth about “what it means to be human,” and (2) the way the ethical code of Harry Potter spills over into the public sphere of “the commonwealth.”